Polar climate
The polar climatic regions are categorized on climate, temperature and radiation. Every year or every month polar climatic regions has average temperature of less than 10 degree centigrade. polar climatic regions like (Arctic and Antarctica) cover about 20% of the earth. In these regions sun shines 24 hours in the summer, and rarely ever shines at winter season.
Types of Polar Climate
There are two types of polar climate. The first one is ET, or tundra, the second one is EF, or ice cap climate. The tundra climate is characterized by having 0oC at least in one month. When tundra climate is arrived tress cannot grow, but some plants can grow which can have ability to grow in this climate. In ice climate, no plant can grow. This average is due to low radiation, albedo and high altitude.
Characteristics of Polar Climate
One of the most characteristic of polar climatic regions has large seasonal fluctuation on in coming solar radiation, little in winter and 24 hours sunlight in summer. As science already says that pole (north and south poles) receive less solar radiation, due to this the temperature is very cold, dry air at the surface.
Frozen Ice
The processes we discussed above will help in sustained very low temperature in winter. There are some places where temperature is below freezing point such as Antarctica Due to this low temperature water frozen through out the year. On the other hand Arctic and south ocean store large volumes of liquid water and there surface is covered with sea ice.
Sea Ice as Insulator
The Antarctic and Arctic region come in polar region. Due to polar climate the temperature in these regions is very low. So the sea ice in these regions work as insulator and insulates the underlying water from heat loss and due to less loss of heat, the organisms underlying the water survive. High albedo due sea ice and reflect back most of the solar radiation.
Climate Change
In Arctic and Antarctic It has been observed that the climate is changing during the past 2 millions years. These changing is well documented and predicted that if the temperature is rising in this manner then the ice will melt down. Due to this melting of ice the sea level rises and human life can be affected due to this like Tsunami is a good example.
Polar bears lives, give birth, and hunt on sea ice its means that polar bears depend on sea ice. They need it to travel from one region to another for hunting. The survival of cubs and mother depends on the climate and mother too. Less winter sea ice means that female polar bears have to go longer without food, which automatically impact on there health.
Variability in climate could threaten the life of polar bear and could affect the reproduction. Due to decline in Ice Sea certain seabirds like ivory gulls and little auks are also affected. There is another thing that some species of seal are vulnerable due to change in temperature and climate because the rarely come to ground like harp seal, spotted seal and the ringed seal.
Conclusion
Due to polar climate there are lots of water is store in solid form means sea ice and some species also depend on the polar climate for survival and for hunting.
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